#1: Norepinephrine vs. Epinephrine for Post-Arrest Shock
Spoon Feed —
This meta-analysis shows decreased episodes of repeat cardiac arrest when post-arrest shock was treated with norepinephrine vs. epinephrine, but there were no differences in survival or discharge with good neurological outcome.
Source
Norepinephrine versus epinephrine after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2025 Sep;95:107-114. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2025.05.038. Epub 2025 May 22. PMID: 40440817.
#2: Does Furosemide Drop BP in Heart Failure Patients?
Spoon Feed —
Risk of hypotension (SBP < 90mmHg) as a direct result of IV furosemide administration during acute decompensated heart failure treatment is very low.
Source
Blood Pressure Effects and Risk of Hypotension due to Intravenous Furosemide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Acad Emerg Med. 2025 Aug 28. doi: 10.1111/acem.70125. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40877742.
#3: Does the Two-Bag Method Help with DKA?
Spoon Feed —
The two-bag method of treating DKA was superior for both adult and pediatric patients in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
Source
Two-bag Versus One-bag Method for Adult and Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management. Ann Emerg Med. 2025 Sep 6:S0196-0644(25)01095-9. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2025.07.032. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40913602.
#4: Epinephrine 0.3mg or 0.5mg for Anaphylaxis?
Spoon Feed —
For anaphylaxis in adults ≥50kg, 0.5mg vs. 0.3mg IM epinephrine is strongly associated with a reduction in escalation of care (repeat epi, epi drip, or intubation).