#FOAM

Unstable and symptomatic bradycardias require urgent intervention. This is an overview of bradycardias and how to approach them in the emergency department.

Hypoglycemia is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department. This post will reveal several tips and tricks for the evaluation and treatment of hypoglycemic patients.

Intracranial hemorrhage is the second most common cause of stroke, accounting for 10 to 15% of all acute strokes. These patients can present with many different symptoms and can be life-threatening. This post details pearls and pitfalls in the differential, evaluation, and management of these patients.

TIA is a brief neurologic deficit due to cerebral ischemia, with no permanent infarction. It affects over 200,000 U.S. patients per year and may precede 14% to 23% of strokes. Many have sought risk stratification tools to determine who may be appropriate for discharge with follow-up. This post evaluates the new ACEP guidelines for TIA and the controversies in the ED evaluation of TIA.

Allergic reactions are commonly seen in the emergency department and anaphylaxis is the most severe type. While most patients present with a rash, the diagnosis can be difficult to make when a rash is not present. This is a brief overview of the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis in the emergency department.

IBD consists of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. These two diseases and their complications can have significant morbidity. This post provides pearls and pitfalls in the emergency medicine evaluation and management of these patients.

Foreign bodies of the ear, nose and throat are commonly seen complaints in emergency department, namely the pediatric emergency department. This is a brief review of some commonly seen foreign bodies and how to remove them safely.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive systemic polyarticular inflammatory arthritis of unclear etiology. While the disease itself is not fatal, complications of the disease make it the most common rheumatic disease requiring ICU admission. This article covers the management of this disease and its complications in the ED.

All physicians are teachers. However, becoming a great teacher does not occur overnight, and in the stressful setting of the ED, it can be difficult to educate those around you. This part of the FOAMed series looks at resources geared towards education and simulation.

Patients with chronic liver disease typically have elevated INRs and thromocytopenia. Thus, clinicians may believe that blood clots are not possible in this patient group. This is a brief review of hemostasis in liver disease and why blood clots can occur even with low platelet counts and elevated INRs.