#FOAM

When can a urine drug screen assist in the ED?

What is the Lewis Lead, and how can it help you evaluate an ECG?

This week’s ToxCard covers thyroid hormone overdose!

How does anthrax present? What is the evaluation and treatment?

Paraquat is a herbicide that is rapidly absorbed and undergoes redox-cycling with generation of ROS causing cellular dysfunction and death. Tolerate hypoxia and avoid oxygen as it can promote oxidative stress and causes further tissue damage.

Chasing the Dragon refers to the practice of heroin inhalation by placing heroin in a small square of aluminum foil which is then heated from below. As the heroin melts it turns into a reddish-brown substance that may resemble a dragon’s tail. Inhaling heroin may induce toxic leukoencephalopathy, which has no proven treatment and recovery, if any, is prolonged.

What’s cotton fever and its mechanism of action? How should you manage a patient you suspect is suffering from cotton fever?

Diquat is a bipyridyl compound used as an herbicide and is a rare form of poisoning. Diagnosis is made by history and urine sodium dithionite test with green coloration (dose related color intensity) of the urine.

How can you remember radiopaque toxins on radiography? Heard of COINS?