#FOAMtox

In recent weeks many law enforcement agencies around the country have used some form of tear gas against protesting civilians, resulting in the most widespread domestic use of riot control agents against civilians since the period of unrest of the ’60s and ’70s. Healthcare responders need to be aware of proper decontamination and initial supportive care when dealing with these agents.

A 22-year-old female presents to the ED after taking an entire bottle of unknown medication approximately an hour and a half ago. She describes a ringing sensation in her ears and mild nausea with no vomiting. Triage vital signs (VS): BP 122/75, HR 115, T 99.8 Oral, RR 32, SpO2 99% on RA. She is tachypneic with no increased work of breathing. What is the most likely medication overdose? What’s the next step in your evaluation and treatment? What lab tests would you like to order?

NMDA encephalitis is challenging to diagnose in the ED, but a little knowledge can go a long way. This ToxCard provides pearls in the evaluation and management of NMDA encephalitis.

How does cyanide toxicity present, and what’s the best therapy?

What are the systemic effects of a methylxanthine overdose, and how can you treat the cardiovascular effects of a methylxanthine overdose?

Ready for a refresher on the Vaughan-Williams classification of anti-dysrhythmics?

This ToxCard looks at the ins and outs of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine and their toxicity, as well as their place in the treatment of COVID-19.

Over the past month there has been increasing discussion about the potential use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19. This post evaluates the literature behind these medications.

Snakes… This EM Educator looks at envenomations.

Skunk attack! Today we will discuss the approach to caustic eye injuries, the use of Morgan lens and alternative irrigation methods, and some fun skunk facts.