Cardiology

EM@3AM: Aortic Stenosis

An 83-year-old female presents to the ED with dyspnea at rest following a syncopal episode. Patient reports she was out for a walk with her husband when she began to feel lightheaded, short of breath, and then fainted. Triage vitals include BP 88/50, HR 115, RR 24, O2 98%. ECG is without signs of acute ischemia. On exam, the patient appears slightly tachypneic, with rales noted at bilateral lungs. There is a systolic murmur along with 2+ pitting edema at the lower extremities. Cardiac POCUS shows grossly decreased left ventricular EF with a hyperechoic structure at the aortic valve. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Mitral Regurgitation

A 63-year-old male presents to the ED complaining of sudden onset shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. He has a history of CAD, HTN, and T2DM He states that he has been compliant with his medications. BP 97/68, HR 108, RR 21, 92% RA. Physical exam is notable for a holosystolic murmur most prominent over the apex and radiating to the axilla, mild bibasilar rales, JVD, and 2+ lower extremity pitting edema. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms and what are the next steps in management?

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