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EM@3AM: Pertussis

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A 3-month-old male presents with persistent fever, decreased oral intake, and worsening cough associated with post-tussive emesis for the five days. Parents state that the patient’s older sibling has had similar symptoms for the past two weeks and that neither child has received vaccinations after birth. The patient presents with BP 98/64 mm Hg, HR 160, RR 62, T 38.1ºC. Physical exam demonstrates an ill-appearing infant with bilateral conjunctival hemorrhage, dry cough, and inspiratory “whooping” sound. What is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms and what are the next steps in management?

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EM@3AM: Crack Lung

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A 45-year-old male with a history of cocaine use presents to the ED with one day of worsening shortness of breath, cough, and fever. He is coughing up sputum streaked with blood. He endorses smoking crack cocaine the night before his symptoms started but denies injecting, using other drug use, or vaping. Vital signs include blood pressure 152/86 mmHg, heart rate 110 beats per minute, temperature 38°C, respiratory rate 23, oxygen saturation 86% on room air. Exam reveals a man in moderate respiratory distress. X-ray demonstrates diffuse alveolar infiltrates bilaterally, and CT shows diffuse ground glass opacities bilaterally. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Tetanus

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A 38-year-old male with a history of injection drug use presents with one day of progressively worsening, pressure-like chest pain radiating to his back. He appears diaphoretic and in moderate distress. He has had new difficulty opening his mouth. On exam, he is tachycardic, diaphoretic, and in acute distress. He endorses tenderness throughout his thoraco-lumbar spine. Neurological evaluation demonstrated increased tone in all extremities. Skin exam reveals two abscesses on his upper extremities. An MRI of the spine is unremarkable. Reexamination reveals new spasmodic neck stiffening, jaw clenching and arching of his back. What is the likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Retropharyngeal Abscess

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A 3-year-old male is brought in by his mother for severe throat pain and lethargy. She notes that he is playing less, refusing to eat, and preferring to lie supine. Review of systems is remarkable for a recent small fall with his toothbrush in his mouth. Triage vital signs include BP 91/49, HR 141, T 103.1 temporal, RR 25, SpO2 96% on room air. He appears toxic and is lying supine. The oropharyngeal exam is normal, but the patient has prominent generalized cervical lymphadenopathy, torticollis, and a painful tracheal rock. The patient has no voice changes but does not want to extend his neck. What’s the most likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Lemierre’s syndrome

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A 23-year-old male presents for severe throat pain and cough. He states that his neck hurts, with left sided redness and pain. Vital signs include BP 91/49, HR 130, T 102.2 temporal, RR 25, SpO2 91% on room air. He appears toxic. The ENT exam reveals a midline uvula; soft mouth floor; prominent generalized cervical, submandibular, and submental swelling with corresponding lymphadenopathy; but no voice changes or difficulty tolerating secretions. His neck is red and tender, with mild swelling overlying the left side of neck and a painful tracheal rock. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Pheochromocytoma

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A 23-year-old male presents with recurrent episodes of global headache, flushing, sweating, and palpitations. These episodes first started 1 month ago. They occur several times per day and last less than one hour. He has also noted a 10-pound weight loss since these episodes started. Exam reveals blood pressure 183/108 mm Hg, HR 1114 beats per minute, RR 18, temperature 98.4 C, saturation 98% on room air. His skin is flushed. Your cardiovascular, pulmonary, abdominal, and motor and sensory exams are otherwise normal. What is the likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Celiac Disease

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A 32-year-old female presents to the ED with worsening diarrhea for 2 months. The diarrhea is non-bloody but is bulky, foul-smelling, and floats. She has had a 9-pound weight loss. She has ulcers along the buccal mucosa. Her abdomen is soft and nontender, and while she appears tired, the rest of the exam is normal. What is the patient’s diagnosis? 

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EM@3AM: Botulism

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A 3-month-old female is brought into your ED by her mother for constipation and decreased PO intake for 3 days. She was born full term without complications and is breastfed along with some soft foods. When asking about changes in diet, her mother states they only eat organic and grow most of their own food on their farm. They also can some food to prevent spoiling. Vital signs are unremarkable. It takes longer than expected for her to open her eyes, and she appears to have head lag. She will not feed while in the ED despite multiple attempts. What is the diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Peritoneal Dialysis Emergencies

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A 42 year-old male presents with abdominal pain and fevers for 72 hours, with nausea and vomiting for 24 hours. He has a history of ESRD and has been on peritoneal dialysis for 5 years. Triage vital signs (VS): BP 105/60, HR 121, T 101.4 temporal, RR 24, SpO2 98% on room air. Pertinent physical examination findings include a tender peritoneal dialysis site and diffuse abdominal tenderness, but no erythema overlying the PD site. What’s the next step in your evaluation and treatment?

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EM@3AM: Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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A 3-year-old male presents with pallor and nosebleeds. On exam, the patient looks pale and has petechiae across his arms and back. His spleen is palpable. Labs reveal white blood cell count 20,900/μL, absolute neutrophil count 10,400/μL, absolute lymphocyte count 1800/μL, hemoglobin 5.9 g/dL, and platelet count 20 × 10^3/μL. What’s the diagnosis?

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