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EM@3AM: Suppurative Labyrinthitis

A 58-year-old male presents with 1 day of severe vertigo associated with nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, and sudden-onset hearing loss. He reports several days of left-sided ear pain and discharge from his left ear. Vital signs reveal T 38.9C, HR 120, BP 138/96, RR 18, SpO2 99% on room air. He is ill-appearing with an HEENT exam notable for an inflamed left external auditory canal with purulent drainage and an erythematous tympanic membrane with evidence of perforation. He has left-sided hearing loss, left-beating horizontal nystagmus, and a mildly unsteady gait. He has leukocytosis with bandemia. CT head shows no acute intra-cranial process. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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EM@3AM: Alpha-2 Agonist Toxidromes

A 42-year-old male with a past medical history of substance use presents to the ED for chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting. He reported snorting fentanyl two days ago and has a remote history of IV drug use. Vital signs include 98.8°F, HR 150, RR 23, SpO2 98% on RA, and BP of 180/100. He is anxious-appearing and diaphoretic, with dilated pupils (6mm, equal, round, and reactive) and full body rigors; ankle clonus is absent. Labs demonstrate a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L and a lactate of 3 mg/dL. He receives electrolyte repletion, fluid resuscitation, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Concerned for opioid withdrawal, the treating physicians orders multiple doses of buprenorphine and full opioid agonists, without evidence of clinical improvement. What is the diagnosis?

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